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The Reversal of International Gift Thoughts in Tang and Song Dynasties
Author: Rong Qian
Source: “The Reversal of International Gift Thoughts in Tang and Song Dynasties” by Rong Qian, Life·Reading·New Knowledge Three Links Store was released in September 2020
Author introduction: Qian Qian, born in 1988, from Chengdu, Sichuan. He has studied in the Department of Chinese and History in Beijing, and is now a postdoctoral fellow at the Zhongshan Doctoral College, and is engaged in the study of academic literature, gifts and gift history.
This book is intended to tell the story of the history of the Contemporary Contemplation between the Tang and Song dynasties, and how the Contemporary Consciousness of the Ming Dynasty completed the transformation from the Han Tang to the Consciousness of the Song dynasties from the two Song dynasties through this period of development. This is a period of history of the traditional gift thinking resources of the Tang Dynasty, and how could the Song people reconstruct the foundation of the thinking in order of the gifts under the confidence of “chasing the law for the three generations”. Since it is called “revolution”, the general body reminds readers of the structural changes between the Han and Tang dynasties and the two Song dynasties behind the historical phenomena. As the focus concept in the book, “Traveling” still seems to be a little dissatisfied when handing over, and he mourned two times. Different, the topic of benevolence and wisdom is to first explain to readers the specific meaning of “giving” in the book when necessary. Our understanding of history is always unpredictably subject to its own domain. In the author’s view, contemporary scholars are most deeply influenced by the two domains when they understand traditional tribute. The first is the abstraction of “principle learning” shaping the Qianlong and Jiaqing tribute in the Qing Dynasty; the second is the reform of the new historical paradigm to traditional tribute in the new history paradigm since the beginning of the country. The former started with Dai Zhen’s rebuke of the Confucianism of Song Dynasty. The Zhongjing used the principles of Yi, and Jiao Litang and Ruan Lui Tai, all followed their statements, and the difference between reason and gift is the slightest part of Han and Song Dynasty. [1] The history of gifts depicted with “Tender-Reason” and “Consideration-Reason” as conceptual framework is Cen Ling, who developed the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and the Qing Dynasty as gifts. Seeing the decline of the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties as gifts, “The Four Cuses and Scores” goes on: “The learning of the Three Gifts is from Song to Song, but from Ming to Ming to Ming to be absolutely absolutely absolute.” [2] However, the familiarity and acceptance of these statements by people tomorrow is most directly in fact, Chen Jubai does not quite meet the standards of Song Wei. The source of the purity still comes from ordinary learners. Liang Qichao said in Song Dynasty:
In the past, when the warring nations rebuked Confucianism, most of them said that “the year is not defeated.””It’s not time to investigate the gift” as a verbal statement, why did it take more than a thousand years to discuss more? So Song Dynasty became excited and dismissed these common words and slandering is a natural reaction. Although Zhu Zi was determined to advocate guidance in his late years, he himself had no book and what the students did was not right, so advocating guidance only became an empty sentenceBaoqing. The Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties can be said to be the era when the three “Qing” were completely in decline. [3]
This is the era when the three “Qing” were completely in decline and extinction, which is consistent with the views of “The General Note”. Liang Qichao also discussed the origin of the Qing Dynasty:
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Now let me talk about the source of the rejuvenation of the Qing Dynasty. Since the emptiness of Huanglizhou and Guingting Lin, I advocated reading ancient books. When I read ancient books, I felt that the gift was difficult to understand. Although they did not have any special works on gifts, Tinglin saw Zhang Jizhi… The gifts were unwilling to be discussed. His nephew Xu Jian’an wrote “Reading the Gifts”. The works of the brothers of Lizhou, Wang Zong and Ji Ye, were studied by the brothers of Lizhou. There are very few things about training, but the most about gifts. Gifts were born at this time. Later, Hui and Dai families divided the Qianlong and Jiaqing schools evenly. Hui and his son wrote books such as “The Legend of the Book” and “Mingtang Dao Records” and specialized in examining the gift system of a certain item. Dai Xue learned from Jiang Shenxiu, and Shenxiu, and studied the “Travel Books” as a general discussion on the gift system. Although the “Travels” in the “Seven Notes” written by Dongyuan was not completed, the scattered chapters were read in the text There are many people who gathered it. At the same time, Anhui Confucianism, such as Cheng Yixuan, Jin Yan and Qingci Zhongli, were all learning about the system of famous things. However, the two Huzhu Villages of Linxi, Qing County and Jingzhang [Meng] named their families with their memorial “Ruan”, which were all the styles of Jiang and Dai. Since the past, the styles of the wind have been widely broadcasted and the authors have appeared, and in the end, Sun Zhongrong and Huang Jingji have been best at Yun. [4]
Liang Qi’s super-common recapitulation of the Qing Dynasty’s tributeBaocai.com, which played a major role in the final structure of the form of cognitive knowledge in Han-Song and Assessment-Yili. In fact, Qianlong and Jia-Han were the main places of tribute in the Qing Dynasty, but not all the pictures; the sects of Han-Song and tribute in the Qing Dynasty had both conflicts and harmony. As one of the founders of the new history, Liang Qichao studied tribute in Han-Song and statistic quotations and Han-School. The profound reason behind this book’s gifting method in the Qing Dynasty was to introduce traditional gifting to the new history:
What is the value of gifting? The famous palaces, clothes, and food that have been very broken and heavy for thousands of years, the well-made fields, feudalism, schools, military system, and service, and the gifts and the ceremony. It is really worth studying it. Although, the purpose of our attempt to change the tag is not Baoqing.com treat him as a student and treat him as a historical study. Then, it is all middle-agedThe first issue of the history of national legal system, customary history… history… history… history is the main information. So it’s not up to everyone to learn this question; it’s not right to say that he doesn’t have the value of learning. The mission of the Qing Confucian scholars was also considered as collecting the required data for future generations, and there were many opinions on the relationship between various data and the way of discriminating data for future generations to refer to. This was their unsuccessful achievements. If we use the New Historian’s eyes to deal with him, there are many places to apply. [5]
Along with the development of modern history, Liang Qichao’s idea of learning and honorary history was completed several times in later academic processes. [6] Since the 20th century, the main body of the tribute research is mainly composed of research and development in the fields of literature, history, archaeology, etc. [7] For contemporary people who are in this complex, the Han-Song, Rong-Reason, and consider-Reason are still familiar and cognitive forms that are used every day [8]. Looking back at traditional tribute learning, it has formed a contemporary domain in which we understand the history of tribute learning. Colin Wude said that historians must repeat the past in his own mind[9]. If the study of the ceremony is not only to project certain modern concepts, but to wait for the traditional learning of “re-action and thinking” in our minds, and to think about the meaning of traditional teaching to our predecessors, then the effort to transcend one’s own domain will no longer be unnecessary.
This book attempts to combine two aspects of historical research and rational thinking to increase your understanding of traditional tribute. On the theoretical level, the author tried to propose a method of treating traditional gifts, which defines the specific meaning of the word “teaching” in the book, and provides the author with the conceptual framework for the application of gifts during the history of writing gifts, and therefore is also the starting point of our discussion.
The first chapter: The type of gifts
The predecessors often talked about the content and effectiveness of the gifts. Zheng Xuan said: “Treach is the order of the system of superiority and inferiority, and the worship of the entourage.” [10] “Han Shu·Tree History” says the sage: “It is like a combination of gifts, so it is to understand gods, e
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